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The History of Stonyhurst College as a school dates back to 1593 when its antecedent, the Jesuit College at St Omer, was founded in Flanders to educate English Catholics. The history of the present school buildings dates as far back as 1200 AD. ==Stonyhurst Hall== The earliest Deed concerning the "Stanihurst" dates from 1200 AD and can now be found in the Arundell Library in the College, whilst the earliest evidence of a building on the site is from 1372 when John de Bayley was licensed to have an oratory there; the archway in the Bayley Room, within the 'Blind Tower', is believed to date from the fourteenth century, and may well be the only remnant of that earlier building.〔''A Stonyhurst Handbook for Visitors and Others'', third edition, 1963〕 The oldest portion of the extant buildings however, the Shireburn Mansion (Stonyhurst Hall), was founded by the Roman Catholic, Richard Shireburn, a descendant of the Bayley family, whose son attended the College at St Omers. He built the gatehouse and open cupolas (known as "the towers") on top of an older settlement dating from 1592. The design of the gatehouse incorporates four of the Classical orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite). Three similar designs appear on Merton and Wadham Colleges and the Schools building in Oxford, though Stonyhurst's predates them all by more than a decade.〔''A Stonyhurst Handbook for Visitors and Others'', 3rd edition, 1963, p. 46〕 In places the exterior walls of this part of the building are as much as six feet deep.〔''A Stonyhurst Handbook for Visitors and Others'', third edition, 1963, p. 46〕 During the Civil Wars, Oliver Cromwell's army encamped near the Hall on their way to the Battle of Preston in 1648. Cromwell spent the night at Stonyhurst and slept on a table in the middle of the Great Hall in full armour. He is said to have preferred this option to a bed due to his fear of assassination and mistrust of his Catholic, royalist hosts.〔(Stonyhurst General News )〕 He was quoted as saying it was "the best half house" he had seen (the Hall was at that time still unfinished). 〔 〕 Richard Shireburn's successor and grandson, Sir Nicholas Shireburn, began a massive building plan to extend the "half house", and completed the great hall, gardens and avenue so that it could be a great manor house. Two ponds, each measuring by were constructed in 1696, along with the "causeway" between, today known as the Avenue. His son Richard was poisoned in the gardens in 1702, and with no male heir Nicholas ceased building. Upon his death in 1717, the buildings passed to his wife and then to their sole heir, Mary, the Duchess of Norfolk. The Duchess was married to Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk, and lived in Arundel Castle in Sussex. Unoccupied, the buildings began to fall into disrepair. Eventually, the houses were inherited by her cousin, Thomas Weld in 1754. Already living in Lulworth Castle, and not needing an extra house, Thomas, an old boy of St Omers, donated it to the Society of Jesus, with of land, in 1794. The original hall has been altered and extended over the years to become one of the largest inhabited buildings in Europe and achieving Grade I listed status from English Heritage.〔(The College )〕 The village of Hurst Green, Lancashire developed with the hall. Richard Shireburn built the village school in 1686. He also built an almshouse upon Longridge Fell, the predecessor of the Shireburn Almshouse, which his son Nicholas built c.1707. The latter was dismantled in 1946 and re-erected in the village. Image:Stonyhurst_quadrangle.jpg|The Front Quadrangle, exterior of the Top Refectory. Image:The Top Refectory.jpg|The Jacobean Great Hall, now known as the Top Refectory, where Cromwell spent the night. Image:Cromwell's table.jpg|The table upon which Cromwell slept. Image:Cromwell's_rock_Stonyhurst.jpg|"Cromwell's Rock" where he is said to have called the Hall "the finest half-house in England". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Stonyhurst College」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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